Application

2′,3′-cGAMP sodium salt has been used to identify small compounds capable of binding human stimulator of interferon genes (STING). It is also used to study type I interferon response to cytosolic DNA.

Biochem/physiol Actions

2′,3′-cGAMP (cyclic [G(2’;,5’;)pA(3’;,5’;)p]) is the natural agonist for the STING (STimulator of INterferon Genes) pathway, discovered to be a pathway for antiviral innate immunity. 2’;3’;-cGAMP is a second messenger produced in mammalian cells by the cytosolic DNA sensor cGAS (cGAMP synthase) to activate innate immune responses by binding to STING and initiating an interferon response. The affinity of 2′3′-cGAMP for human STING is much higher than that of the bacterial 3′3′-cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs), with a Kd of 4.59 nM compared to >1 µM for bacterial 3′3′-CDNs.

Preparation Note

2′,3′-cGAMP is soluble in water and aqueous buffers (>> 5 mM, limits have not been determined).